Reconstructing a Portuguese India Nau - Revision history

Kelby.rose at 17:01, 9 December 2010

2010-12-09T17:01:04Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:01, 9 December 2010
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	===T10 - Creation of a virtual reality model===		===T10 - Creation of a virtual reality model===
−		+	[[File:CarlosMontalvao.JPG\|thumb\|Scale model: Carlos Montalvão]]
	A three-dimensional virtual model will be designed by computer to provide both the investigators and the target public a better understanding of the interior space distribution, living conditions, sailing performance and manoeuvring. This model will allow the representation of spaces and environments of indubitable interest, both for the scientist's understanding of the ship under study, and for the public targeted in the dissemination of the study's results. The user will be able to observe a realistic ship-model including hull form, rigging and sails, general deck arrangement, internal subdivision and relevant structural details.		A three-dimensional virtual model will be designed by computer to provide both the investigators and the target public a better understanding of the interior space distribution, living conditions, sailing performance and manoeuvring. This model will allow the representation of spaces and environments of indubitable interest, both for the scientist's understanding of the ship under study, and for the public targeted in the dissemination of the study's results. The user will be able to observe a realistic ship-model including hull form, rigging and sails, general deck arrangement, internal subdivision and relevant structural details.

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	===T11 - Virtual Reality Simulations===		===T11 - Virtual Reality Simulations===
−		+	[[File:Cave01d.jpg\|thumb\|Audrey Wells in the [http://nautarch.tamu.edu/shiplab/Index-virtualnau.htm Cave]]]
	The virtual model will be utilized together with the mathematical models to recreate a series of typical situations routinely encountered by an India nau, such as: manoeuvring, including reaching, beating, changing tack, stopping; the dynamics of the ship under several different sailing conditions; the inflow of water which might result in sinking, including the measures taken by the crew; simulation of the construction process; the operation of launching; simulation of the careening of the ship.		The virtual model will be utilized together with the mathematical models to recreate a series of typical situations routinely encountered by an India nau, such as: manoeuvring, including reaching, beating, changing tack, stopping; the dynamics of the ship under several different sailing conditions; the inflow of water which might result in sinking, including the measures taken by the crew; simulation of the construction process; the operation of launching; simulation of the careening of the ship.

Kelby.rose: /* Project Tasks */

2010-12-09T16:57:17Z

Project Tasks

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:57, 9 December 2010
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	===T5 - Aerodynamic tests in wind tunnel with sail model===		===T5 - Aerodynamic tests in wind tunnel with sail model===
−		+	[[File:ModelAprilsmall01.jpg\|thumb]]
	A model of the hull's upper works and rigging will be built, based on the data gathered in tasks 1 and 2, and tested in a wind-tunnel, with different wind conditions and different wind directions. These tests will be carried out considering only the sails (in several configurations) and the sails together with the hull's upper works, since it is known that the size of the fore and stern castles of these ships influenced their performance under sail.		A model of the hull's upper works and rigging will be built, based on the data gathered in tasks 1 and 2, and tested in a wind-tunnel, with different wind conditions and different wind directions. These tests will be carried out considering only the sails (in several configurations) and the sails together with the hull's upper works, since it is known that the size of the fore and stern castles of these ships influenced their performance under sail.

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	===T6 - Calibration of the theoretical models for ship dynamics===		===T6 - Calibration of the theoretical models for ship dynamics===
−		+	[[File:PepperWreckPolarDiagram.jpg\|thumb\|Pepper Wreck polar diagram]]
	UETN has developed and implemented software based on several theoretical models that calculate the dynamic behaviour of ships at sea. These models solve the following problems: resistance to advance, seakeeping in waves, manoeuvring and sailing performance. However, these models are at present adequate for modern conventional ships and vessels. In this task, those models will be calibrated and validated to represent the dynamics of the Pepper Wreck, by systematic comparison of results with tank and wind tunnel data. Combining the calibrated models it will be possible to describe the fundamental sailing characteristics of the nau designed in tasks 1 and 2.		UETN has developed and implemented software based on several theoretical models that calculate the dynamic behaviour of ships at sea. These models solve the following problems: resistance to advance, seakeeping in waves, manoeuvring and sailing performance. However, these models are at present adequate for modern conventional ships and vessels. In this task, those models will be calibrated and validated to represent the dynamics of the Pepper Wreck, by systematic comparison of results with tank and wind tunnel data. Combining the calibrated models it will be possible to describe the fundamental sailing characteristics of the nau designed in tasks 1 and 2.

	===T7 - Calculation of the Polar Diagram of Speeds===		===T7 - Calculation of the Polar Diagram of Speeds===
−		+	[[File:AHVaranda planking.jpg\|thumb\|Reconstruction: Alex Hazlett]]
	This task will consist in the calculation of the polar diagram of speeds, a graphic that indicates the speed attainable for each direction and wind force combination. In addition to the sailing speed and direction, UETN software will find the heeling, drift and rudder angles, while sailing in equilibrium for each situation of wind intensity and direction and sail configuration.		This task will consist in the calculation of the polar diagram of speeds, a graphic that indicates the speed attainable for each direction and wind force combination. In addition to the sailing speed and direction, UETN software will find the heeling, drift and rudder angles, while sailing in equilibrium for each situation of wind intensity and direction and sail configuration.

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	===T9 - Assessment of the ship's structural strength===		===T9 - Assessment of the ship's structural strength===
−		+	[[File:Indianau13.jpg\|thumb\|Virtual model: Audrey Wells]]
	The model built in tasks 1 and 2 will be used to study the structural strength of these ships. Almost nothing is known about this subject other than that the scarcity of suitable timber for shipbuilding that characterized this period made these ships very interesting subjects of study from the optimization-engineering point of view. Structural loads imposed by severe weather, transmitted to the hull structure by both large waves and by the rigging will be analyzed and compared with the structural strength expected for the model, given the timber sections utilized, the types of connections, scarves and fastening patterns.		The model built in tasks 1 and 2 will be used to study the structural strength of these ships. Almost nothing is known about this subject other than that the scarcity of suitable timber for shipbuilding that characterized this period made these ships very interesting subjects of study from the optimization-engineering point of view. Structural loads imposed by severe weather, transmitted to the hull structure by both large waves and by the rigging will be analyzed and compared with the structural strength expected for the model, given the timber sections utilized, the types of connections, scarves and fastening patterns.

Kelby.rose: /* Project Tasks */

2010-12-09T16:47:02Z

Project Tasks

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:47, 9 December 2010
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	===T2 - Design of the ship's structure, including space divisions and internal bulwarks===		===T2 - Design of the ship's structure, including space divisions and internal bulwarks===
−	[[File:Indianau06.jpg\|thumb\|~~Internal Arrangement~~]]	+	[[File:Indianau06.jpg\|thumb\|Stability Analysis]]
	To create a three-dimensional plan of the ship's structure and internal subdivision and input the weights and centres of gravity of each timber piece, having in mind the different specific densities of the different kinds of timber used. The work includes also the identification of the connections between structural timber elements, which will be important for the ship structural strength assessment.		To create a three-dimensional plan of the ship's structure and internal subdivision and input the weights and centres of gravity of each timber piece, having in mind the different specific densities of the different kinds of timber used. The work includes also the identification of the connections between structural timber elements, which will be important for the ship structural strength assessment.

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	===T3 - Stability analysis===		===T3 - Stability analysis===
−	[[File:Indianau08.jpg\|thumb\|~~Stability analysis~~]]	+	[[File:Indianau08.jpg\|thumb\|Hydrodynamic Model]]
	This task comprises the assessment of the floatability and stability of the ship for several loading conditions. Firstly the intact stability will be investigated by modern computational methods, including small-angle and large-angle stability. The results will be compared to current stability criteria suitable for large sailing vessels, allowing an estimation of the actual safety of the ship in this regard. Secondly, the the stability during and after flooding (damaged stability) will also be investigated, using state-of-the-art methodologies, which will permit conclusions to be drawn with regard to the ship's survivability, effectiveness of the crew contra measures and of simple subdivision of the ship.		This task comprises the assessment of the floatability and stability of the ship for several loading conditions. Firstly the intact stability will be investigated by modern computational methods, including small-angle and large-angle stability. The results will be compared to current stability criteria suitable for large sailing vessels, allowing an estimation of the actual safety of the ship in this regard. Secondly, the the stability during and after flooding (damaged stability) will also be investigated, using state-of-the-art methodologies, which will permit conclusions to be drawn with regard to the ship's survivability, effectiveness of the crew contra measures and of simple subdivision of the ship.

Kelby.rose at 16:44, 9 December 2010

2010-12-09T16:44:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:44, 9 December 2010
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	===T2 - Design of the ship's structure, including space divisions and internal bulwarks===		===T2 - Design of the ship's structure, including space divisions and internal bulwarks===
−	[[File:Indianau06.jpg\|thumb]]	+	[[File:Indianau06.jpg\|thumb\|Internal Arrangement]]
	To create a three-dimensional plan of the ship's structure and internal subdivision and input the weights and centres of gravity of each timber piece, having in mind the different specific densities of the different kinds of timber used. The work includes also the identification of the connections between structural timber elements, which will be important for the ship structural strength assessment.		To create a three-dimensional plan of the ship's structure and internal subdivision and input the weights and centres of gravity of each timber piece, having in mind the different specific densities of the different kinds of timber used. The work includes also the identification of the connections between structural timber elements, which will be important for the ship structural strength assessment.

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	===T3 - Stability analysis===		===T3 - Stability analysis===
−	[[File:Indianau08.jpg\|thumb]]	+	[[File:Indianau08.jpg\|thumb\|Stability analysis]]
	This task comprises the assessment of the floatability and stability of the ship for several loading conditions. Firstly the intact stability will be investigated by modern computational methods, including small-angle and large-angle stability. The results will be compared to current stability criteria suitable for large sailing vessels, allowing an estimation of the actual safety of the ship in this regard. Secondly, the the stability during and after flooding (damaged stability) will also be investigated, using state-of-the-art methodologies, which will permit conclusions to be drawn with regard to the ship's survivability, effectiveness of the crew contra measures and of simple subdivision of the ship.		This task comprises the assessment of the floatability and stability of the ship for several loading conditions. Firstly the intact stability will be investigated by modern computational methods, including small-angle and large-angle stability. The results will be compared to current stability criteria suitable for large sailing vessels, allowing an estimation of the actual safety of the ship in this regard. Secondly, the the stability during and after flooding (damaged stability) will also be investigated, using state-of-the-art methodologies, which will permit conclusions to be drawn with regard to the ship's survivability, effectiveness of the crew contra measures and of simple subdivision of the ship.

Kelby.rose at 16:44, 9 December 2010

2010-12-09T16:44:01Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:44, 9 December 2010
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	===T4 - Hydrodynamic model tests in towing and seakeeping tanks===		===T4 - Hydrodynamic model tests in towing and seakeeping tanks===
−		+	[[File:000 15.jpg\|thumb\|Virtual wind tunnel]]
	One scaled hull model will be built based on the computer model obtained upon completion of tasks 1 and 2, and a series of tests will be carried out in a towing and sea-keeping tank (Fig. 3). Three groups of tests are planned: resistance tests, where the model is towed in still water at several speeds to measure the resistance to the advance, sea-keeping tests, where the model is towed in regular and irregular waves to measure the induced motions and added resistance to the advance due to the waves, and manoeuvring tests where forced horizontal motions are imposed to the model to obtain the hull manoeuvring characteristics.		One scaled hull model will be built based on the computer model obtained upon completion of tasks 1 and 2, and a series of tests will be carried out in a towing and sea-keeping tank (Fig. 3). Three groups of tests are planned: resistance tests, where the model is towed in still water at several speeds to measure the resistance to the advance, sea-keeping tests, where the model is towed in regular and irregular waves to measure the induced motions and added resistance to the advance due to the waves, and manoeuvring tests where forced horizontal motions are imposed to the model to obtain the hull manoeuvring characteristics.

Kelby.rose at 16:43, 9 December 2010

2010-12-09T16:43:36Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:43, 9 December 2010
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	== Project Tasks ==		== Project Tasks ==
		+	[[File:Sjb-linesdrawing.jpg\|thumb\|First Reconstruction of the Pepper Wreck (2001): Lines Drawing]]
	This project entails 13 separate tasks:		This project entails 13 separate tasks:
−
	===T1 - Design of the hull lines drawing, sail plan and rigging plan===		===T1 - Design of the hull lines drawing, sail plan and rigging plan===
−		+	[[File:04-24-side viewa.jpg\|thumb\|India Nau Internal Arrangement Sketch]]
	Improve the lines drawing that resulted from the reconstruction of the Pepper Wreck hull remains with special three-dimensional software, develop the masts and spars plan, sail plan and rigging plan. This task may entail the creation of several different models with plausible variations in the hull shape and the rigging, since there was no such a thing as a standard India nau, and there are several possible arrangements for the sail area, mast positions and height and width of the yards.		Improve the lines drawing that resulted from the reconstruction of the Pepper Wreck hull remains with special three-dimensional software, develop the masts and spars plan, sail plan and rigging plan. This task may entail the creation of several different models with plausible variations in the hull shape and the rigging, since there was no such a thing as a standard India nau, and there are several possible arrangements for the sail area, mast positions and height and width of the yards.

	===T2 - Design of the ship's structure, including space divisions and internal bulwarks===		===T2 - Design of the ship's structure, including space divisions and internal bulwarks===
−		+	[[File:Indianau06.jpg\|thumb]]
	To create a three-dimensional plan of the ship's structure and internal subdivision and input the weights and centres of gravity of each timber piece, having in mind the different specific densities of the different kinds of timber used. The work includes also the identification of the connections between structural timber elements, which will be important for the ship structural strength assessment.		To create a three-dimensional plan of the ship's structure and internal subdivision and input the weights and centres of gravity of each timber piece, having in mind the different specific densities of the different kinds of timber used. The work includes also the identification of the connections between structural timber elements, which will be important for the ship structural strength assessment.

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	===T3 - Stability analysis===		===T3 - Stability analysis===
−		+	[[File:Indianau08.jpg\|thumb]]
	This task comprises the assessment of the floatability and stability of the ship for several loading conditions. Firstly the intact stability will be investigated by modern computational methods, including small-angle and large-angle stability. The results will be compared to current stability criteria suitable for large sailing vessels, allowing an estimation of the actual safety of the ship in this regard. Secondly, the the stability during and after flooding (damaged stability) will also be investigated, using state-of-the-art methodologies, which will permit conclusions to be drawn with regard to the ship's survivability, effectiveness of the crew contra measures and of simple subdivision of the ship.		This task comprises the assessment of the floatability and stability of the ship for several loading conditions. Firstly the intact stability will be investigated by modern computational methods, including small-angle and large-angle stability. The results will be compared to current stability criteria suitable for large sailing vessels, allowing an estimation of the actual safety of the ship in this regard. Secondly, the the stability during and after flooding (damaged stability) will also be investigated, using state-of-the-art methodologies, which will permit conclusions to be drawn with regard to the ship's survivability, effectiveness of the crew contra measures and of simple subdivision of the ship.

Kelby.rose at 16:06, 9 December 2010

2010-12-09T16:06:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:06, 9 December 2010
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	[[File:Copy of pp34.jpg\|thumb]]		[[File:Copy of pp34.jpg\|thumb]]
	[[File:Indianau05.jpg\|thumb]]		[[File:Indianau05.jpg\|thumb]]
−	~~[[File:Indianaudrawing3.jpg\|thumb]]~~
	[[File:Indianau03.jpg\|thumb]]		[[File:Indianau03.jpg\|thumb]]
	[[File:Gui10.jpg\|thumb\|Pepper Wreck exvacation]]		[[File:Gui10.jpg\|thumb\|Pepper Wreck exvacation]]

Kelby.rose at 16:05, 9 December 2010

2010-12-09T16:05:24Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:05, 9 December 2010
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	[[File:Indianau03.jpg\|thumb]]		[[File:Indianau03.jpg\|thumb]]
	[[File:Gui10.jpg\|thumb\|Pepper Wreck exvacation]]		[[File:Gui10.jpg\|thumb\|Pepper Wreck exvacation]]
		+	[[File:PorcelanaWEncompassed.jpg\|thumb]]

	# To obtain a plausible configuration for the hull, masts, spars, rigging and sail plan of an India nau;		# To obtain a plausible configuration for the hull, masts, spars, rigging and sail plan of an India nau;

Kelby.rose at 16:04, 9 December 2010

2010-12-09T16:04:27Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:04, 9 December 2010
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	[[File:Indianau02.jpg\|thumb]]		[[File:Indianau02.jpg\|thumb]]
	[[File:Fernandez-nau.jpg\|thumb\|Nau from Fernandez, 1616]]		[[File:Fernandez-nau.jpg\|thumb\|Nau from Fernandez, 1616]]
−	~~[[File:Gui10.jpg\|thumb\|left\|Pepper Wreck excavation]]~~
	[[File:DSCN3845 a.jpg\|thumb\|]]		[[File:DSCN3845 a.jpg\|thumb\|]]
−	~~[[File:Indianau05.jpg\|thumb\|left]]~~
	[[File:Copy of pp34.jpg\|thumb]]		[[File:Copy of pp34.jpg\|thumb]]
−	[[File:~~Indianaudrawing3~~.jpg\|thumb\|~~left~~]]	+	[[File:Indianau05.jpg\|thumb]]
−	[[File:Indianau03.jpg\|thumb\|~~left~~]]	+	[[File:Indianaudrawing3.jpg\|thumb]]
		+	[[File:Indianau03.jpg\|thumb]]
		+	[[File:Gui10.jpg\|thumb\|Pepper Wreck exvacation]]

	# To obtain a plausible configuration for the hull, masts, spars, rigging and sail plan of an India nau;		# To obtain a plausible configuration for the hull, masts, spars, rigging and sail plan of an India nau;

Kelby.rose at 16:01, 9 December 2010

2010-12-09T16:01:35Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:01, 9 December 2010
Line 13:		Line 13:
	[[File:Indianau02.jpg\|thumb]]		[[File:Indianau02.jpg\|thumb]]
	[[File:Fernandez-nau.jpg\|thumb\|Nau from Fernandez, 1616]]		[[File:Fernandez-nau.jpg\|thumb\|Nau from Fernandez, 1616]]
−	[[File:Gui10.jpg\|thumb\|Pepper Wreck excavation]]	+	[[File:Gui10.jpg\|thumb\|left\|Pepper Wreck excavation]]
	[[File:DSCN3845 a.jpg\|thumb\|]]		[[File:DSCN3845 a.jpg\|thumb\|]]
		+	[[File:Indianau05.jpg\|thumb\|left]]
	[[File:Copy of pp34.jpg\|thumb]]		[[File:Copy of pp34.jpg\|thumb]]
		+	[[File:Indianaudrawing3.jpg\|thumb\|left]]
		+	[[File:Indianau03.jpg\|thumb\|left]]

	# To obtain a plausible configuration for the hull, masts, spars, rigging and sail plan of an India nau;		# To obtain a plausible configuration for the hull, masts, spars, rigging and sail plan of an India nau;

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:06, 9 December 2010
Line 16:		Line 16:
	[[File:Copy of pp34.jpg\|thumb]]		[[File:Copy of pp34.jpg\|thumb]]
	[[File:Indianau05.jpg\|thumb]]		[[File:Indianau05.jpg\|thumb]]
−	~~[[File:Indianaudrawing3.jpg\|thumb]]~~
	[[File:Indianau03.jpg\|thumb]]		[[File:Indianau03.jpg\|thumb]]
	[[File:Gui10.jpg\|thumb\|Pepper Wreck exvacation]]		[[File:Gui10.jpg\|thumb\|Pepper Wreck exvacation]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:04, 9 December 2010
Line 13:		Line 13:
	[[File:Indianau02.jpg\|thumb]]		[[File:Indianau02.jpg\|thumb]]
	[[File:Fernandez-nau.jpg\|thumb\|Nau from Fernandez, 1616]]		[[File:Fernandez-nau.jpg\|thumb\|Nau from Fernandez, 1616]]
−	~~[[File:Gui10.jpg\|thumb\|left\|Pepper Wreck excavation]]~~
	[[File:DSCN3845 a.jpg\|thumb\|]]		[[File:DSCN3845 a.jpg\|thumb\|]]
−	~~[[File:Indianau05.jpg\|thumb\|left]]~~
	[[File:Copy of pp34.jpg\|thumb]]		[[File:Copy of pp34.jpg\|thumb]]
−	[[File:~~Indianaudrawing3~~.jpg\|thumb\|~~left~~]]	+	[[File:Indianau05.jpg\|thumb]]
−	[[File:Indianau03.jpg\|thumb\|~~left~~]]	+	[[File:Indianaudrawing3.jpg\|thumb]]
		+	[[File:Indianau03.jpg\|thumb]]
		+	[[File:Gui10.jpg\|thumb\|Pepper Wreck exvacation]]

	# To obtain a plausible configuration for the hull, masts, spars, rigging and sail plan of an India nau;		# To obtain a plausible configuration for the hull, masts, spars, rigging and sail plan of an India nau;

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:01, 9 December 2010
Line 13:		Line 13:
	[[File:Indianau02.jpg\|thumb]]		[[File:Indianau02.jpg\|thumb]]
	[[File:Fernandez-nau.jpg\|thumb\|Nau from Fernandez, 1616]]		[[File:Fernandez-nau.jpg\|thumb\|Nau from Fernandez, 1616]]
−	[[File:Gui10.jpg\|thumb\|Pepper Wreck excavation]]	+	[[File:Gui10.jpg\|thumb\|left\|Pepper Wreck excavation]]
	[[File:DSCN3845 a.jpg\|thumb\|]]		[[File:DSCN3845 a.jpg\|thumb\|]]
		+	[[File:Indianau05.jpg\|thumb\|left]]
	[[File:Copy of pp34.jpg\|thumb]]		[[File:Copy of pp34.jpg\|thumb]]
		+	[[File:Indianaudrawing3.jpg\|thumb\|left]]
		+	[[File:Indianau03.jpg\|thumb\|left]]

	# To obtain a plausible configuration for the hull, masts, spars, rigging and sail plan of an India nau;		# To obtain a plausible configuration for the hull, masts, spars, rigging and sail plan of an India nau;