The Pepper Wreck Virtual Tour - Revision history

Kelby.rose: /* 5. Sterns (popas) */

2010-12-13T18:40:18Z

5. Sterns (popas)

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:40, 13 December 2010
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	==5. Sterns (''popas'')==		==5. Sterns (''popas'')==
		+	Evidence suggests that stern panels appeared around 1500, although one painting in the church of Zumaya, in the Basque Country, dated to c. 1475, shows two vessels with stern panels (Brad Lowen pers. comm.). Richard Barker (pers. comm.) reminds us that paintings were often restored and changed in the process of restoration.
		+
		+	Gudgeons found on the Molasses Reef shipwreck, probably Portuguese - probably dating to the very early 16th century, and perhaps even dating to the late 15th century, in the time of the earliest Portuguese voyages to the New World, such as the ones mentioned by Duarte Pacheco Pereira - show that had a stern panel.
		+
		+	It is by no means sure that Portuguese Indiamen had stern panels in the first half of the 16th century. Iconography shows these ships with both square sterns and round sterns with square tucks.
		+
		+	Only a few archaeological examples have survived, together with a drawing by João Baptista Lavanha, included in his treatise Livro primeiro de arquitectura naval, that dates to c. 1600:
	<gallery>		<gallery>
	File:00EnchimentosProaPopa00.jpg		File:00EnchimentosProaPopa00.jpg
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	File:Lavanha stern.JPG\|Lavanha's drawing of a stern panel, c. 1600.		File:Lavanha stern.JPG\|Lavanha's drawing of a stern panel, c. 1600.
	</gallery>		</gallery>
−	Evidence suggests that stern panels appeared around 1500, although one painting in the church of Zumaya, in the Basque Country, dated to c. 1475, shows two vessels with stern panels (Brad Lowen pers. comm.). Richard Barker (pers. comm.) reminds us that paintings were often restored and changed in the process of restoration.
−
−	Gudgeons found on the Molasses Reef shipwreck, probably Portuguese - probably dating to the very early 16th century, and perhaps even dating to the late 15th century, in the time of the earliest Portuguese voyages to the New World, such as the ones mentioned by Duarte Pacheco Pereira - show that had a stern panel.
−
−	~~It is by no means sure that Portuguese Indiamen had stern panels in the first half of the 16th century. Iconography shows these ships with both square sterns and round sterns with square tucks.~~
−
−	~~Only a few archaeological examples have survived, together with a drawing by João Baptista Lavanha, included in his treatise Livro primeiro de arquitectura naval, that dates to c. 1600:~~

	==6. Keelsons (''sobrequilhas'')==		==6. Keelsons (''sobrequilhas'')==

Kelby.rose: /* 5. Sterns (popas) */

2010-12-13T18:39:52Z

5. Sterns (popas)

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:39, 13 December 2010
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	The forecastle was supported by the stem post arrangement, and unfortunately this is an area of which we do not know much. We can only make educated guesses based on information pertaining to later examples.		The forecastle was supported by the stem post arrangement, and unfortunately this is an area of which we do not know much. We can only make educated guesses based on information pertaining to later examples.

−	==5. Sterns (''popas'') ==	+	==5. Sterns (''popas'')==
		+	<gallery>
		+	File:00EnchimentosProaPopa00.jpg
		+	File:00EnchimentosProaPopa.jpg
		+	File:Molasses stern.jpg\|'''Molasses Reef Shipwreck''', Turks and Caicos. Probably Portuguese. Artifact assemblage - c. 1500.
		+	File:SanJuan stern.JPG\|'''''San Juan''''', Canada. Spanish. Date: 1565.
		+	File:Westturtle stern.jpg\|'''West Turtle Shipwreck''', Florida. Probably Spanish. Date: ?
		+	File:Lavanha stern.JPG\|Lavanha's drawing of a stern panel, c. 1600.
		+	</gallery>
	Evidence suggests that stern panels appeared around 1500, although one painting in the church of Zumaya, in the Basque Country, dated to c. 1475, shows two vessels with stern panels (Brad Lowen pers. comm.). Richard Barker (pers. comm.) reminds us that paintings were often restored and changed in the process of restoration.		Evidence suggests that stern panels appeared around 1500, although one painting in the church of Zumaya, in the Basque Country, dated to c. 1475, shows two vessels with stern panels (Brad Lowen pers. comm.). Richard Barker (pers. comm.) reminds us that paintings were often restored and changed in the process of restoration.

Kelby.rose: /* 4. Stems (rodas de proa) */

2010-12-13T18:31:46Z

4. Stems (rodas de proa)

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:31, 13 December 2010
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	File:SanJuan coucepopa.jpg\|'''''San Juan''''', Canada. Spanish. Date: 1565.		File:SanJuan coucepopa.jpg\|'''''San Juan''''', Canada. Spanish. Date: 1565.
	</gallery>		</gallery>
−	==4. Stems (''rodas de proa'') ==	+	==4. Stems (''rodas de proa'')==
		+	[[File:002 Roda.jpg\|thumb\|Scheme of a Portuguese nau stem post from the Livro náutico (Alex Hazlett).]]
	Only a few stem posts have been recorded archaeologically and none, to my knowledge, is complete. Particularly interesting features of which we do not know much are the reinforcements, such as deadwoods, inner stem posts, cutwaters, and the beak structures.		Only a few stem posts have been recorded archaeologically and none, to my knowledge, is complete. Particularly interesting features of which we do not know much are the reinforcements, such as deadwoods, inner stem posts, cutwaters, and the beak structures.
	The forecastle was supported by the stem post arrangement, and unfortunately this is an area of which we do not know much. We can only make educated guesses based on information pertaining to later examples.		The forecastle was supported by the stem post arrangement, and unfortunately this is an area of which we do not know much. We can only make educated guesses based on information pertaining to later examples.

Kelby.rose at 18:28, 13 December 2010

2010-12-13T18:28:54Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:28, 13 December 2010
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	== 2. Keels (''quilhas'') ==		== 2. Keels (''quilhas'') ==
−	[[File:00Keel.jpg]]	+	[[File:00Keel.jpg\|thumb\|Scheme of a Portuguese nau keel from the Livro náutico (Alex Hazlett).]]
	[[File:Keel bolt.jpg\|thumb\|The section of the keel of the Pepper Wreck was not preserved. Its depth was estimated from a preserved bolt, which was bent under the keel when the ship hit the bottom.]]		[[File:Keel bolt.jpg\|thumb\|The section of the keel of the Pepper Wreck was not preserved. Its depth was estimated from a preserved bolt, which was bent under the keel when the ship hit the bottom.]]
	[[File:00Keel03.jpg\|thumb\|Scheme of a keel scarf after Lavanha c. 1600]]		[[File:00Keel03.jpg\|thumb\|Scheme of a keel scarf after Lavanha c. 1600]]
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	== 3. Stern heels, or keel knees (''couces'') ==		== 3. Stern heels, or keel knees (''couces'') ==
		+
		+	<gallery>
		+	File:00Keel.jpg\|Scheme of a Portuguese nau keel from the Livro náutico (Alex Hazlett).
		+	File:CoucedepopaLavanha.JPG\|Couce de Popa from Lavanha
		+	File:CoucedeproaLavanha.JPG\|Couce de Proa from Lavanha
		+	</gallery>
		+
	As kinks in structures tend to concentrate stresses some shipbuilding traditions emphasized the reinforcements of the ship's weaker points. João Baptista Lavanha is the author that better explains the design of the 'couces' that connect the keel to the posts.		As kinks in structures tend to concentrate stresses some shipbuilding traditions emphasized the reinforcements of the ship's weaker points. João Baptista Lavanha is the author that better explains the design of the 'couces' that connect the keel to the posts.

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	'''A few archaeological examples of stern heels''':		'''A few archaeological examples of stern heels''':
−		+	<gallery>
		+	File:CorpoSanto11.jpg\|'''Corpo Santo''', Portugal. Probably Portuguese. C14 dated to Late 14th century. Stratigraphy - before 1585.
		+	File:AveiroA12.jpg\|'''Aveiro A''', Portugal. Probably Portuguese. C14 dated to Mid 15th century. Artifact assemblage - Late 15th century.
		+	File:Studlandbay coucepopa.jpg\|'''Studland Bay''', UK. Spanish. Date: Early 16th century.
		+	File:San Esteban 8.jpg\|'''''San Esteban''''', Texas. Spanish. Date: 1554.
		+	File:SanJuan coucepopa.jpg\|'''''San Juan''''', Canada. Spanish. Date: 1565.
		+	</gallery>
	==4. Stems (''rodas de proa'') ==		==4. Stems (''rodas de proa'') ==
	Only a few stem posts have been recorded archaeologically and none, to my knowledge, is complete. Particularly interesting features of which we do not know much are the reinforcements, such as deadwoods, inner stem posts, cutwaters, and the beak structures.		Only a few stem posts have been recorded archaeologically and none, to my knowledge, is complete. Particularly interesting features of which we do not know much are the reinforcements, such as deadwoods, inner stem posts, cutwaters, and the beak structures.

Kelby.rose at 18:08, 13 December 2010

2010-12-13T18:08:29Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:08, 13 December 2010
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	== 2. Keels (''quilhas'') ==		== 2. Keels (''quilhas'') ==
		+	[[File:00Keel.jpg]]
		+	[[File:Keel bolt.jpg\|thumb\|The section of the keel of the Pepper Wreck was not preserved. Its depth was estimated from a preserved bolt, which was bent under the keel when the ship hit the bottom.]]
		+	[[File:00Keel03.jpg\|thumb\|Scheme of a keel scarf after Lavanha c. 1600]]
		+	[[File:Keel section .jpg\|thumb\|Pepper Wreck keel section reconstructed]]
		+
	'''Important features''':		'''Important features''':

	Total Length =		Total Length =
		+
	Length preserved =		Length preserved =

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	Conversion -		Conversion -
−
−	~~The section of the keel of the Pepper Wreck was not preserved. Its depth was estimated from a preserved bolt, which was bent under the keel when the ship hit the bottom.~~

	Iberian ships have been found with very different keel sections. For example:		Iberian ships have been found with very different keel sections. For example:
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	The [[Cais do Sodré]] ship keel timbers were not connected in any way.		The [[Cais do Sodré]] ship keel timbers were not connected in any way.
		+
		+	<gallery>
		+	File:Bluescarf.jpg\|Flat Horizontal Scarf
		+	File:Bluescarf2.jpg\|Flat Vertical Scarf
		+	File:Bluewaterstop.jpg\|Butt Scarf with Waterstop
		+	</gallery>

	== 3. Stern heels, or keel knees (''couces'') ==		== 3. Stern heels, or keel knees (''couces'') ==

Kelby.rose at 17:58, 13 December 2010

2010-12-13T17:58:20Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:58, 13 December 2010
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	For those who don't know, the difference between treasure hunters and looters is a mere technicality: the first are supposed to have licenses to destroy the shipwrecks they salvage, and the second are supposed to destroy them illegally. Treasure hunters may leave us pictures, often times in auction catalogs; looters generally leave us nothing.		For those who don't know, the difference between treasure hunters and looters is a mere technicality: the first are supposed to have licenses to destroy the shipwrecks they salvage, and the second are supposed to destroy them illegally. Treasure hunters may leave us pictures, often times in auction catalogs; looters generally leave us nothing.

−	~~This page is therefore intended as a detailed and clear explanation about what we believe must be done with every shipwreck found around the world.~~
	[[File:Picture 004 web.jpg\|thumb\|left\|View of Lisbon from Livro de Horas de D. Manuel I.]]		[[File:Picture 004 web.jpg\|thumb\|left\|View of Lisbon from Livro de Horas de D. Manuel I.]]
		+
		+	This page is therefore intended as a detailed and clear explanation about what we believe must be done with every shipwreck found around the world.
		+
	Their rapid evolution through the period 1500-1640 reflects the cultural changes of their makers: necessity, ideology, technological advances, changes in taste, foreign influences, supply and demand dynamics, and other factors worth studying.		Their rapid evolution through the period 1500-1640 reflects the cultural changes of their makers: necessity, ideology, technological advances, changes in taste, foreign influences, supply and demand dynamics, and other factors worth studying.

Kelby.rose at 17:57, 13 December 2010

2010-12-13T17:57:11Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:57, 13 December 2010
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	[[File:Sitemap009.jpg\|thumb\|Pepper Wreck site plan]]		[[File:Sitemap009.jpg\|thumb\|Pepper Wreck site plan]]
	[[File:Siteplan01.jpg\|thumb\|Pepper Wreck hull remains]]		[[File:Siteplan01.jpg\|thumb\|Pepper Wreck hull remains]]
−		+	[[File:Sections02.jpg\|thumb\|Scheme of the frame sections with the "graminhos" (geometric algorythms).]]
		+	[[File:FrameC3 VIIII.jpg\|thumb\|Floor timber number VIIII (C3 on the site plan).]]
	Site plans are important, mostly if we cannot afford to bring each timber up, record it properly, photograph all tool marks and measure all fastening marks. This information is important to establish a number of important things later on.		Site plans are important, mostly if we cannot afford to bring each timber up, record it properly, photograph all tool marks and measure all fastening marks. This information is important to establish a number of important things later on.

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	====Sections====		====Sections====
−	~~[[File:Sections02.jpg\|thumb\|Scheme of the frame sections with the "graminhos" (geometric algorythms).]]~~
	Site plans and photographic mosaics are almost useless without sections. Stratigraphy and curvature of the timber structures are as important as the horizontal projection we designate as site plan.		Site plans and photographic mosaics are almost useless without sections. Stratigraphy and curvature of the timber structures are as important as the horizontal projection we designate as site plan.

Kelby.rose at 17:55, 13 December 2010

2010-12-13T17:55:16Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:55, 13 December 2010
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	But design and construction sequence are more important to us at the present state of the research.		But design and construction sequence are more important to us at the present state of the research.
	===1. Site Plan===		===1. Site Plan===
		+	[[File:Reconstructionsite02.jpg\|thumb\|Schematic representation of the hypothetical last ship position (Kevin Gnadinger)]]
		+	[[File:Sitemap009.jpg\|thumb\|Pepper Wreck site plan]]
		+	[[File:Siteplan01.jpg\|thumb\|Pepper Wreck hull remains]]
		+
	Site plans are important, mostly if we cannot afford to bring each timber up, record it properly, photograph all tool marks and measure all fastening marks. This information is important to establish a number of important things later on.		Site plans are important, mostly if we cannot afford to bring each timber up, record it properly, photograph all tool marks and measure all fastening marks. This information is important to establish a number of important things later on.

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	====Sections====		====Sections====
		+	[[File:Sections02.jpg\|thumb\|Scheme of the frame sections with the "graminhos" (geometric algorythms).]]
	Site plans and photographic mosaics are almost useless without sections. Stratigraphy and curvature of the timber structures are as important as the horizontal projection we designate as site plan.		Site plans and photographic mosaics are almost useless without sections. Stratigraphy and curvature of the timber structures are as important as the horizontal projection we designate as site plan.

Kelby.rose at 17:49, 13 December 2010

2010-12-13T17:49:11Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:49, 13 December 2010
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	This page is therefore intended as a detailed and clear explanation about what we believe must be done with every shipwreck found around the world.		This page is therefore intended as a detailed and clear explanation about what we believe must be done with every shipwreck found around the world.
−		+	[[File:Picture 004 web.jpg\|thumb\|left\|View of Lisbon from Livro de Horas de D. Manuel I.]]
	Their rapid evolution through the period 1500-1640 reflects the cultural changes of their makers: necessity, ideology, technological advances, changes in taste, foreign influences, supply and demand dynamics, and other factors worth studying.		Their rapid evolution through the period 1500-1640 reflects the cultural changes of their makers: necessity, ideology, technological advances, changes in taste, foreign influences, supply and demand dynamics, and other factors worth studying.

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	== Treasure Hunters and Archaeology ==		== Treasure Hunters and Archaeology ==
		+	[[File:Christies-IDM-01.jpg\|thumb\|Porcelain from a Portuguese shipwreck on the cover of an auction catalog]]
	Some [[treasure hunters]] have voiced their frustrations regarding the logics of their business. To them time is money. They work for profit. Therefore they must act fast, salvage whatever they can, avoid wasting time recording anything or spending money preserving artifacts without market value.		Some [[treasure hunters]] have voiced their frustrations regarding the logics of their business. To them time is money. They work for profit. Therefore they must act fast, salvage whatever they can, avoid wasting time recording anything or spending money preserving artifacts without market value.

Kelby.rose: /* Why is this Relevant? */

2010-12-13T17:44:13Z

Why is this Relevant?

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:44, 13 December 2010
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	== Why is this Relevant? ==		== Why is this Relevant? ==
		+	[[File:Sitemaprec01s.jpg\|thumb\|Pepper Wreck Hull remains: 3D reconstruction (Kevin Gnadinger)]]
		+	[[File:Reco12.jpg\|thumb\|Representation of the conjectural reconstruction together with the hull remains (Kevin Gnadinger) ]]
	Why should we study these archaeological remains instead of breaking them apart for short-term profit?		Why should we study these archaeological remains instead of breaking them apart for short-term profit?