Byzantine Rulers

Timeline

 

 

The Roman Empire

27 BC-14 CE: Augustus

14-37: Tiberius

37-41: Gaius (Caligula)

41-54: Claudius

54-68 : Nero

68-69: Galba

69: Otho

69: Vitellius

69-79: Vespasian

79-81: Titus

81-96: Domitian

96-98: Nerva

98-117: Trajan

117-138: Hadrian

138-161: Antoninus Pius

161-180: Marcus Aurelius (161-169: Verus, 177-180: Commodus)

180-192: Commodus

193: Pertinax, Didius Julianus

193-211: Septimus Severus

211-217: Antoninus (Caracalla)

211-212: Geta

217-218: Macrinus (218: Diadumenianus)

218-220: Antoninus (Heliogabalus)

222-235: Severus Alexander

235-238: Maximinus Thrax

238: Gordian I, Gordian II, Pupienus (Maximus), Balbinus

238-244: Gordian III

244-249: Philip the Arab (247-249: Philip)

249-251: Decius

251-253: Trebonius Gallus, Volusianus

253-260: Valerian, Gallienus

260-268: Gallienus

268-270: Claudian II Gothicus

270-275: Aurelian

275-276: Tacitus (276: Florianus)

276-282: Probus

282-283: Carus

283-284: Carinus and Numerian

284-305: Diocletian (286-305: Maximian)

305-311: Galerius, Constantius I, Chlorus, Severus II, Licinius, 306: Constantine I, Maximinus Daza

311-324: Constantine I and Licinius

            312: Constantine I converts to Christianity

324-337: Constantine

            325: Council of Nicea

            330: Constantine declares Constantinople capital of the Christian Empire

337-340: Constantine II, Constantius II, Constans

340-361: Constantius II

361-363: Julian

363-364: Jovian

364-375: Valentian I (Valens with Galens from 367)

375-378: Valens, Gratian, Valentian II

            378: Battle of Adrianople (Valens defeated by the Goths)

378-395: Theodosius I the Great (378-383: with Gratian and Valentian II, 383-392: with Valentian II and Arcadius, 392-395: with Arcadius and Honorius

395: Theodosius I the Great divides the Byzantine Empire

 

The Western Empire

395-423: Honorius

            410: Rome sacked by the Visigoths

425-455: Valentian III

455: Petronius Maximus

            455: Rome sacked by the Vandals

455-456: Avitus

457-461: Majorian

461-465: Libius Severus

467-472: Anthimus

472: Olybrius

473-474: Glyceruis

474-475: Julius Nepos

475-476: Romulus Augustulus

 

The Eastern Empire

Dynasty of Theodosius

395-408: Arcadius

408-450: Theodosius II

450-457: Marcian (and Pulcheria, grand daughter of Theodosius I)

Dynasty of Leo

457-474: Leo I

474: Leo II

474-491: Zeno

491-518: Anastasius

Dynasty of Justinian

518-527: Justin

527-565: Justinian I (and Theodora)

            533-534: Reconquest of North Africa from the Vandals

            535-555: Reconquest of Italy from the Goths

            548: Death of Theodora

565-578: Justin II

            568: Lombards invade Italy

578-582: Tiberius II

582-602: Maurice

602-610: Phocas

Dynasty of Heraclius

610-641: Heraclius

            610-641: Syria, Palestine and Egypt are conquered by Muslims

641-668: Constans II

668-685: Constantine IV

            681 - First Bulgarian Empire

685-695: Justinian II

690- : North of Africa lost to the Muslims

695-698: Leontius

698-705: Tiberius III

705-711: Justinian II (restored)

No Dynasty

711-713: Bardanes

713-716: Anastasius II

716-717: Theodosius II

Isaurian Dynasty

717-741: Leo III

            717-718: Muslims lay siege to Constantinople

741-775: Constantien V Copronymus

775-780: Leo IV

780-797: Constantine VI

797-802: Irene

802-811: Nicephorus I

811: Strauracius

811-813: Michael I

813-820: Leo V

Phrygian Dynasty

820-829: Michael II

829-842: Theophilus

842-867: Michael III

Macedonian Dynasty

867-886: Basil I

886-912: Leo VI and Alexander

912: Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus

913: Leo VI and Alexander

913-959: Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus (919-944: Romanus I Lecapenus, 924: Constantine (VIII)).

959-963: Romanus II

963-1025: Basil II Bulgaroctonus (Constantine VIII (IX), 963: Regency of Theophano, 963-969: Nicephorus II Phocas, 969-976: John Tzimisces).

980-1015: Vladimir of Kiev (988: Russ convert to Christianity).

            1018 - First Bulgarian Empire conquered

1025-1028: Constantine VIII (IX)

1028-1034: Romanus II Argyrus

1034-1041: Michael IV the Paphlagonian

1041-1042: Michael V Calaphates

1042: Zoe and Theodora

1042-1055: Constantine IX Monomachus

1055-1056: Theodora

1056-1057: Michael VI Stratioticus

Prelude to Comnenian Dynasty

1057-1059: Isaac I Comnenos

1059-1067: Constantine X (IX) Ducas

1067-1071: Romanus IV Diogenes (Constanine (XII))

1071-1078: Michale VII Ducas

1078-1081: Nicephorus III Botaniates

1081: Revolt of Nicephoros Bryennios

Dynasty of the Comneni

1081-1118: Alexius I Comnenus

1118-1143: John II Comenus

1143-1180: Manuel I

1180-1183: Alexius II

1183-1185: Andronicus I

Dynasty of the Angeli

1185-1195: Isaac II

1195-1203: Alexius II

1203-1204: Isaac II with Alexius IV

1204: Alexius V Ducas Murtzuphlus

            1204-1261: Loss of Constantinople to the Cruzades

Lascarid Dynasty in Nicea

1204-1222: Theodore I Lascaris

1222-1254: John III Ducas Vatatzes

1254-1258: Theodore II Lascaris

1258-1261: John IV Lascaris

Dynasty of the Palaeologi

1259-1282: Michael VIII Paleologus

1282-1343: Andronicus II

(1293-1320): Michael IX

Period of Anarchy

1328-1341: Andronicus III

1341-1376: John V Cantancuzenus

1341-1354: John VI

1376-1379: Andronicus IV

1379-1391: John V

1390: John VII

1391-1425: Manuel II

1425-1448: John VIII

1449-1453: Constantine XI (XIII) Dragases

1453 (Tuesday, May 29): Capture of Constantinople by Mehmet II. End of the Middle Ages.

 

 

 

Source: De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors (http://salve5.salve.edu/~romanemp/test.htm)