Training
questions for mid-term exam no. 3
General
Order the following ten events
by decades, as shown below:
First canals: Schuylkill & Susquehanna and Potomac. Isambard Brunel builds the Great
Western.
Down-Easters develop as large sq.-rigged ships for the transport
of grain to Europe.
John Fitch's first steamship.
Robert Fulton's North
River Steamship.
Lake Champlain Steamboat Company launches the Phoenix.
Treaty opens Chinese ports to American vessels: clippers! New Bedford is the largest whaling port in America with
329 whalers. Erie
Canal completed.
Thomas W. Lawson, the only 7-masted schooner ever built, lost in the Scilly
Islands.
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1780s.
|
1830s.
|
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1790s.
|
1840s.
|
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1800s.
|
1850s.
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1810s.
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1860s.
|
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1820s.
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1900s.
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Transportation
Revolution on Inland Waters
(class 24)
A.
Multiple Choice Questions
In
1670, the Hudson's Bay Company was formed by French traders, and soon English settlers followed.
It established a series of trading posts on
the coast, profiting from a network of canoe routes that had already been established by the _______________.
a) Portuguese Explorers; b) French Explorers; c) English Explorers; d) Dutch Explorers; e) Native Americans.
In the 19th
century ___________________________, the wife of a worker in the Hudson Bay Company traveled with the voyageurs
and painted a set of realistic scenes of their life.
a) Aphra Behn;
b) Frances Anne Hopkins;
c)
Virginia Woolf; d) Alma Mahler;
e) Rosa Luxemburg
The first large-scale canal was the ______________ Canal
in Pennsylvania (1783).
a)
Erie;
b) Potomac;
c) Schuylkill & Susquehanna;
d) Suez;
e) Panama
The English writer ___________________ described a voyage
in a canal boat in the US.
They are especially good for cargo: ore,
coal, grain, stone.
a)
Thomas Hardy;
b) Jane Austen;
c) Emily Brontë;
d) Charles Dickens;
e) Lewis Carroll
B. Fill in the blanks
In 1670 the _____________
Company was formed by ____________ explorers, to trade fur with the natives along the rivers in today's northern
Canada.
Typically, the cargo was brought from the St. Lawrence
River to Fort William or Grand Portage on the west bank of Lake Superior on large 36 ft., 4 ton canoes called ___________________
(later on sloops) and then transshipped to smaller 25 ft., 1.5 ton canoes called ________________.
Artist _____________________ (1838 - 1913) paintings often
depict her keen sense of observation which give her paintings a rare accuracy in every detail. ________ and her
husband Edward, who served as private secretary to Governor George Simpson of the Hudson Bay Company, are often
portrayed in her paintings.
After
the end of the War of 1812, America saw a great revolution in its communications. Three main routes were developed:
The Northern Gateway- from ___________ to the _____________,
up the Hudson to Lake Champlain and the St Lawrence River, and westward across the Great Lakes.
The Northeastern Gateway- from _____________ to _____________
and Wheeling on the Ohio River, was mainly an overland way.
The Southern Gateway- from _____________ to _____________,
ran along the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers, or westwards along the Missouri River.
Canals are a good, cheap and effective way to transport
goods. 4 horses can carry 1 ton for ___ miles when pulling a wagon; and
_____ tons for 24 miles when pulling a barge.
Canals were first developed,
on an industrial scale, by the _________ in the 16th century.
The French
also developed a network of canals for transportation during the 18th century, followed by the
__________ in the late 18th century.
The Erie Canal: started in 1817-1819 to run from ________
to _________.
It was completed in 1825.
The tolls were $5 per ton!!
It was a major financial success.
Canal boats could be propelled by _________, ___________, or
steam. Steamers would have propellers and tow other barges.
In the 1820s the __________, another way to transport people
and goods (overland) made its first appearance.
At the time it did not seem very threatening
for the canal business.
Sailing canal boats were a specialized kind of canal boats,
with ___________________, ________________, shallow drafts, barn door rudders, and boxy sections.
Canal boats would typically last ______ years and would
be paid for after ________ years.
C. Short essay questions
(5 to 10 lines)
Write
a small essay on the history of canals in the USA, their beginning, development and decay.
You should mention the political, financial,
and technical aspects that determined the success of canals in America.
Describe
a sailing canal boat, mentioning how it was built, when, by whom, how it operated, where and when its importance
diminished, and why.
D. Identification questions
In
two or three lines, identify the following vessels (please indicate three clues for each vessel, such as place
and approximate date of loss, date it was found, type of vessel, nationality, particular features, etc.)
General
Butler _________________________________________________________________
In
two or three lines, describe the following types of vessels (please indicate at least three clues for each type,
such as the primary routes, the approximate date of appearance, the main purpose of its construction, the approximate
date of its disappearance, the main reasons for its demise, etc.).
Name one vessel of each type as a characteristic
example.
Canal boats
___________________________________________________________________
Sailing
canal boats ______________________________________________________________
Bateaux
_______________________________________________________________________
Canots
de maitre _______________________________________________________________
Northern
canoes ________________________________________________________________
E. Timeline
Order
the following events, with 1 as the earliest and 5 as the latest:
Completion of the Erie Canal; Building of
the first leg of the Erie Canal; Building the Potomac
Canal; Building of the Schuylkill & Susquehanna canal; Appearance of the first trains in America.
Steam
(class 25)
A.
Multiple Choice Questions
In
the late 17th
century, a French engineer named _______________ produced the first known steam engine with a piston.
a)
Jouffroy d'Abbons; b) Thomas Newcomen;
c) Matthew Boulton;
d) James Watt;
e) Denys Papin.
In
1735, an Englishman named ________________ created a steam engine capable of pumping water out of a mineshaft.
a)
Jouffroy d'Abbons;
b) Thomas Newcomen;
c) Matthew Boulton;
d) James Watt;
e) Denys Papin.
In
1776 and 1783, another Frenchman, the Marquis ______________, managed to propel a vessel with a steam engine. Vibrations,
however, made it impossible to utilize the state of the art engine.
a)
Jouffroy d'Abbons;
b) Thomas Newcomen;
c) Matthew Boulton;
d) James Watt;
e) Denys Papin.
Towards
the end of the 18th century, a Scottish inventor named _________________ improved
the steam engine and made it possible to propel vessels.
a)
Jouffroy d'Abbons;
b) Thomas Newcomen;
c) Matthew Boulton;
d) James Watt;
e) Denys Papin.
Not
a very gifted businessman, Watt was lucky enough to find an optimistic and dynamic partner in _________________.
a)
Jouffroy d'Abbons;
b) Thomas Newcomen;
c) Matthew Boulton;
d) James Watt;
e) Denys Papin.
B. Fill in the blanks
In
1790, an American named _____________ built a vessel named _______________ and created the first commercial steamboat
venture in the New World, running up and down the Delaware River at a speed of 6 to 8 knots.
After
testing both stern and side mounted paddle wheels, ______________, and even a _______________, Fitch selected a
peculiar system of vertical paddles.
It
was very expensive, and could not compete with the ____________ running on the banks of the river. Besides,
many were afraid of this noisy "___________________."
However,
Americans raced to take advantage of this new technology, and names like ________________ or ____________________
are associated with steamboat commercial ventures in the last years of the 18th century.
A
Board of Patent Commissioners was created, chaired by ________________________, and patent wars delayed the adoption
of practical steam navigation until _____________.
In
1802, an American named ___________________ created a commercial society with Robert Livingston - the U.S. Minister
to France largely responsible for the Louisiana Purchase - and in 1807 got a 16-year monopoly of steam navigation
in the state of New York.
His first vessel was called the ___________________________, which made the 150-mile voyage between New York and Albany
in 32 hours, averaging a speed of 5 miles per hour.
In
_________ these two partners got a navigation monopoly for the Territory of Louisiana that would last until _________.
In 1811 a man named __________________
challenged the monopoly on the state of New York by launching two vessels in the Hudson River: the __________ and the
Perseverance.
After being forced out of
the Hudson River, the steam boat promoter ________________ moved to Lake Champlain in 1812 where his first steamship
was commandeered by Thomas Macdonough, becoming the schooner ____________________.
The Fulton / Livingston steam transport monopoly broke-up
in _________ after a ___ -year monopoly on the State of New York.
In
his novel _______________________, American writer _________________ wrote that in 1840 the distance between St
Louis and Cairo, Illinois (200 miles) had an average of one wreck per mile.
C. Short essay questions
(5 to 10 lines)
Choose one
vessel from the list below and describe
it, mentioning the circumstances of its construction, loss, finding, excavation, reconstruction, and display. Elaborate
on the importance of the wrecks you have picked, from an archaeological, historical, and cultural point of view.
Phoenix
Lady
Sherbrooke
Black
Cloud
Bertrand.
D. Identification questions
In
two or three lines, identify the following vessels (please indicate at least three clues for each vessel, such
as place and approximate date of construction, date in which it was lost, type of vessel, particular features,
etc.)
Phoenix _____________________________________________________________________
Lady
Sherbrooke ______________________________________________________________
Black
Cloud __________________________________________________________________
Bertrand _____________________________________________________________________
In
two or three lines, describe the following types of vessels (please indicate at least three clues for each type,
such as the primary routes, approximate date of appearance, main purpose of its construction, approximate date
of its disappearance, main reasons for its demise, etc.).
Name one vessel of each type as a characteristic
example.
Steam ships ____________________________________________________________________
Western Steamboats _____________________________________________________________
Packet boats ____________________________________________________________________
Mountain boats __________________________________________________________________
Towboats _______________________________________________________________________
Ferryboats ______________________________________________________________________
Showboats ______________________________________________________________________
E. Timeline
Order
the following events, with 1 as the earliest and 5 as the latest:
Creation of the Fulton / Livingstone monopoly
on the State of New York; End of the Fulton / Livingstone monopoly on the State of New York; Creation of the Fulton
/ Livingstone monopoly on the Territory of Louisiana;
End of the Fulton / Livingstone monopoly on
the Territory of Louisiana;
Creation of the Lake Champlain Steamboat Company.
.
American
Enterprise in the 19th Century (class
26)
A.
Multiple Choice Questions
Built
by Isambard Brunnel in 1844 the ____________________ was built of iron, measuring 84 m (274 ft.) and displacing
3,270 tons. For propulsion she had a propeller and six masts.
a) Great
Britain;
b) Niantic; c) Great Republic;
d) Snow Squall; e) Arctic.
Built
by Alfred Butler in 1851 in South Portland, Maine, the _______________ was 50 m (163 ft.) long and had 742 registered
tons. In 1854 it won a race from China to New York against McKay's
Romance of the Seas.
a) Great
Britain;
b) Niantic; c) Great Republic;
d) Snow Squall; e) Arctic.
Built
by Donald McKay in New York in 1853, the ____________________ was 102 m (334 ft.) long and had 4,555 registered
tons. With 4 decks and a crew of 130, it was intended to be the
best clipper ever built.
Unfortunately it burned to the water line
before its first voyage.
a) Great
Britain;
b) Niantic; c) Great Republic;
d) Snow Squall; e) Arctic.
Built
in Connecticut in 1853 the _________________ was a China packet that was converted into a whaler in 1844. In
1849 it was transformed into a packet again and sailed to San Francisco, where it became the first storeship.
a) Great
Britain;
b) Niantic; c) Great Republic;
d) Snow Squall; e) Arctic.
In
1847 the ________________ was one of the Edward Collins' ships, running between New York and Liverpool in the Collins
Line.
a) Great
Britain;
b) Niantic; c) Great Republic;
d) Snow Squall; e) Arctic.
The
Great Eastern
was ready in 1857 after bankrupting three consecutive sets of investors.
It never made a profit.
Its creator was ________________.
a)
Adam Brown; b) Alfred Butler;
c) Isambard Brunnel;
d) Elihu Bunker;
e) Donald McKay.
The
best-known American shipwright is ______________, who built the Flying
Cloud, which sailed New York - San Francisco
in 89 days, and the Sovereign of the Seas, which achieved 22 knots of top speed, an unmatched record.
a)
Adam Brown; b) Alfred Butler;
c) Isambard Brunnel;
d) Elihu Bunker;
e) Donald McKay.
B. Fill in the blanks
In
the beginning of the 19th century, European immigrants sailed to America in wooden
ships that would take from ___ to _____ weeks to cover the distance between the two continents.
By the end of the century, there were regular
packet lines, and immense steam ships that could cover that distance in ____ days.
During
the 19th
century the New England whaling fleet is said to have discovered more than _____ islands in the _____________.
During
this time, the American merchant fleet sailed all the world's seas in search of new markets and products. Write
the names of four major imported products into America, and four major exports carried by this merchant fleet:
Imports: ________________,
__________________, ________________, and _______________.
Exports: ________________,
__________________, ________________, and _______________.
During
the 18th
century, coastal trade was carried out by __________, ____________, and small square-rigged vessels.
During
the 18th
century, long distance sea trade was carried out by two-masted (________) and three-masted (________) square-rigged
vessels.
In
the 19th
century, coastal trade, and some of the long distance sea trade, was carried mainly on two-masted _____________,
which evolved into the three-, four-, and five masted ______________ towards the end of the century.
Exceptions to this type
of fore-and-aft rigged craft are the square-rigged ________________, and ______________, that engaged, respectively,
in the China tea trade and in the California cereal transport.
In
1818, the British __________ Line started a regular operation between New York and ______________. Now
ships would leave port at regular dates with or without full holds.
In
1824 there were regularly scheduled routes from New York to ___________ and ___________.
When
gold was found at ______________ in Coloma, California, in December ______________, people from all over the world
rushed to California.
Anything
afloat was pressed into the service of transporting settlers and goods to California.
Once the ships arrived in ___________________,
the crews often disappeared and the ships would remain in port with no way to sail back.
Some were transformed into __________________.
In
the summer of 1870 the French writer _______________ published a book called Une
ville flottante (A Floating City) in which
the main subject is the ship ______________________.
By
1840, New England ships engaged in 4-year voyages to hunt whales in the _________ and _______ oceans.
The
five most hunted species of whales were the __________________,
____________________, ____________________, ____________________, and
____________________.
The
main products extracted from whales were:
__________,
used for lamp fuel, lubricant and softener for rope-making fibers;
___________,
used to make candles, fine lubricants, and industrial detergents;
___________,
used for women's corset stays, umbrella ribs, and buggy whips;
___________,
from sperm whale teeth, was carved into several decorative items;
___________,
found in the stomach of diseased animals for the perfume industry.
Whaling
was threatened by the introduction of ____________ illumination in the 1850s, and the discovery of _______________
in Pennsylvania in 1859.
During the Civil War, many whalers were sunk
to protect the entrance of southern ports, while others were simply captured and sunk by Confederate warships.
C. Short essay questions
(10 to 30 lines)
Write a short essay (about 20 lines) about only one
of the themes below.
New
England whaling in the 19th century.
The
era of the clipper ships.
Isambard
Brunnel's creations.
D. Identification questions
In
two or three lines, identify the following vessels (please indicate at least three clues for each vessel, such
as place and approximate date of construction, date in which it was lost, type of vessel, particular features,
etc.)
Great Eastern __________________________________________________________________
Great Britain ___________________________________________________________________
Great Western __________________________________________________________________
Niantic ________________________________________________________________________
Great Republic __________________________________________________________________
Snow Squall ____________________________________________________________________
George
R. Skolfield _______________________________________________________________
Arctic __________________________________________________________________________
Thomas
Lawson _________________________________________________________________
In
two or three lines, describe the following types of vessels (please indicate at least three clues for each type,
such as the primary routes, approximate date of appearance, type of rigging, main purpose of its construction,
approximate date of its disappearance, main reasons for its demise, etc.).
Name one vessel of each type as a characteristic
example.
Clipper ships
_________________________________________________________________
Down-Easters __________________________________________________________________
Large schooners ________________________________________________________________
Whalers
______________________________________________________________________
'Storeships'
___________________________________________________________________
American
Civil War (class 28)
A.
Multiple Choice Questions
The Denbigh was a ______________.
a)
Blockade runner;
b) Commerce raider;
c) Ironclad;
d) Gunboat;
e) Submarine
The
Alabama
was a ______________.
a)
Blockade runner;
b) Commerce raider;
c) Ironclad;
d) Gunboat;
e) Submarine
The Virginia was a ______________.
a)
Blockade runner;
b) Commerce raider;
c) Ironclad;
d) Gunboat;
e) Submarine
The Picket was
a ______________.
a)
Blockade runner;
b) Commerce raider;
c) Ironclad;
d) Gunboat;
e) Submarine
The Alligator was a ______________.
a)
Blockade runner;
b) Commerce raider;
c) Ironclad;
d) Gunboat;
e) Submarine
The Pioneer was a ______________.
a)
Blockade runner;
b) Commerce raider;
c) Ironclad;
d) Gunboat;
e) Submarine
The Monitor was a ______________.
a)
Blockade runner;
b) Commerce raider;
c) Ironclad;
d) Gunboat;
e) Submarine
The Cairo was a ______________.
a)
Blockade runner;
b) Commerce raider;
c) Ironclad;
d) Gunboat;
e) Submarine
The Chattahoochee was
a ______________.
a)
Blockade runner;
b) Commerce raider;
c) Ironclad;
d) Gunboat;
e) Submarine
The Shenandoah was a ______________.
a)
Blockade runner;
b) Commerce raider;
c) Ironclad;
d) Gunboat;
e) Submarine
The Hunley was a ______________.
a)
Blockade runner;
b) Commerce raider;
c) Ironclad;
d) Gunboat;
e) Submarine
B. Fill in the blanks
The American Civil War began on April
12, 1861, when Confederate General ___________ opened fire on Fort _______ in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina.
Name three advantages of
the northern states at the beginning of the war.
____________________,
_______________________,
_________________________.
Name three advantages of
the confederate states at the beginning of the war.
____________________,
_______________________,
_________________________.
Name the three main causes
generally appointed as leading to the southern secession.
____________________,
_______________________,
_________________________.
C. Short essay questions
(10 to 30 lines)
Write a short essay on one of the following subjects:
The southern and northern strategies during the civil war.
The civil war on the sea.
D. Identification questions
In
two or three lines, identify the following vessels (please indicate at least three clues for each vessel, such
as place and approximate date of construction, date in which it was lost, type of vessel, particular features,
etc.)
Denbigh
_______________________________________________________________________
Alabama _______________________________________________________________________
Virginia
_______________________________________________________________________
Picket
_________________________________________________________________________
Alligator
_______________________________________________________________________
Pioneer
________________________________________________________________________
Monitor
________________________________________________________________________
Cairo
__________________________________________________________________________
Chattahoochee
__________________________________________________________________
Shenandoah
_____________________________________________________________________
Hunley
_________________________________________________________________________
In
two or three lines, describe the following types of vessels (please indicate at least three clues for each type,
such as the primary routes, approximate date of appearance, main purpose of its construction, approximate date
of its disappearance, main reasons for its demise, etc.).
Name one vessel of each type as a characteristic
example.
Ironclads
_____________________________________________________________________
Submersibles
_________________________________________________________________
Gunboats
____________________________________________________________________
Commerce raiders _____________________________________________________________
Blockade runners ______________________________________________________________
