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318 - Nautical Archaeology of the Americas - Timeline
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1415
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Portuguese conquer Ceuta
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1419
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Discovery of Madeira islands
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1427
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Discovery of the Azores
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1433
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Gil Eanes rounds Cape Bojador
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1488
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Bartolomeu Dias rounds Cape of Good Hope
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1492
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Columbus 1st voyage
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1493
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Columbus 2nd voyage
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1494
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Treaty of Tordesillas
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1497
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Giovanni Caboto sails to Newfoundland
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1497
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Vasco da Gama sails to India (1497-98)
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1497
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Amerigo Vespucci 1st voyage (Caribbean)
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1498
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Columbus 3rd voyage
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1499
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Amerigo Vespucci 2nd voyage (South America)
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1500
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Pedro Alvares Cabral discovers Brazil
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1502
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Columbus 4th voyage
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Molasses Reef Wreck (before 1515)
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Highborn Cay Wreck (before 1525)
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1513
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Ponce de Leon discovers Florida
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1513
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Balboa sees the Pacific Ocean
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1514
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Portuguese arrive in China
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1519
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Cortez starts the conquest of Mexico
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1519
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Magellan circumnavigation (1519-22)
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1523
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Giovanni Verrazano sails along the coast of North America to Newfoundland
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1533
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Pizarro starts the conquest of Peru
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1534
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Jacques Cartier sails up the St. Lawrence river
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Bahia Mujeres Wreck (before 1550)
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1539
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de Soto explores the SE of North America (1539-42)
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1540
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Coronado explores the SW of North America (1549-42)
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1542
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Cabrillo sails up the W coast
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1545
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Spanish discover Potosi
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Caio Nuevo Wreck (c. 1550)
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1554
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Wrecks of Padre Island: Espiritu Santo,
Sta. Maria de Yciar and San
Esteban
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Huguenot colonies in Brazil (1550s)
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Emanuel Point Wreck (1559)
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1562
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Charles Fort, Huguenot settlement in South Carolina
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1562
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John Hawkins first voyage to the West Indies
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1564
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Second Huguenot colony in Florida
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1564
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John Hawkins second voyage to the West Indies
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1565
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Spanish settle in St. Augustine
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1572
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Drake's attack on Nombre de Dios
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1576
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Martin Frobisher tries to find a Western passage to India
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1577
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Drake's circumnavigation (1577-80)
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1585
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Roanoke
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1587
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Roanoke, second attempt
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1588
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Spain fails in the invasion of England (the Armada)
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1606
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Virginia Company of London
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1607
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Jamestown
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1609
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Henry Hudson sails up the Hudson River
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1609
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Samuel Champlain explores Lake Champlain
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Sea Venture lost in the Bermudas (1609)
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1610
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Dutch fur trading post in Manhattan (New Amsterdam)
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1613
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Samuel Champlain in the Great Lakes
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1619
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First African slaves in Virginia
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1620
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Plymouth Colony
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N. S. de Atocha and Sta. Margarita
Wrecks (1622)
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1624
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Virginia Company passes to the English Government
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1628
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Piet Heyn seized 4,000,000 ducats from the Spanish off the coast of Cuba
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1626
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New Netherlands, Dutch colony in New Jersey and Manhattan
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1627
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English settle in Barbados
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Wreck of the N. S. de la Concepcion
off Hispaniola (1641)
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1655
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Jamaica taken from the Spanish
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Merchants start settling at Port Royal (c. 1660)
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1664
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English seize New Netherlands
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1682
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La Salle sails down the Mississippi River
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La Salle looses the Belle at matagorda
Bay (1686)
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1686
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William Phipps salvages 32 tons of silver from the N. S. de la Concepcion
(1686-88)
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1689
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King William's War (1689-1697)
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1690
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W. Phipps fails to conquer Quebec City and looses the Mary, Mary Ann, Hanna and Mary, and Elizabeth and Mary.
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1692
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William Phipps is made governor of Massachusetts
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1692
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Salem Witchcraft Trials
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1692
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June 7 - Earthquake destroys Port Royal
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1702
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Queen Anne's War (1702-1713)
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1715
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Silver Fleet lost off the East Coast of Florida
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N. S. de Guadalupe and Conde de Tolosa Wrecks (1724)
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1733
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Silver Fleet lost in the Straights of Florida
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Brown's Ferry Vessel - Periauger (c. 1740)
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1744
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King George's War (1744-1748)
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Reader's Point Vessel - Sloop in St. Anne's Bay, Jamaica
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Clydesdale Plantation Vessel - Sloop on the Back River, near
Savannah, Georgia.
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Ronson Ship - New York (before 1750)
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5 Bateaux (before 1752) under the Museum of Civilization, Quebec
City
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1755
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French and Indian War (1755-1763)
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Land Tortoise - a Radeau, on Lake George (1758)
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3 Bateaux (1758?) on Lake George
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Boscawen - Sloop, on Lake Champlain (1759)
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Machault - 28 gun frigate, on Ristigouche River, Chaleur Bat, Gulf of St. Lawrence. (1760)
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1774
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Intolerable Acts
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Philadelphia - Gunboat, on Lake Champlain (1776)
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1776
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Declaration of Independence
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HMS Augusta - British 64-gun ship lost in Philadelphia (1777)
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1778
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France at war with England
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Defense - American privateer, (170 ton brig) lost at Penobscot Bay (1779)
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Bonhomme Richard - 900 ton French merchantman converted into a warship, lost off the British Isles (1779)
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HMS Charon - British 44-gun ship lost at Yorktown (1781)
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Betsy - (44YO88) 170 ton brig sunk at Yorktown (1781)
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1783
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Peace between England and the United States
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1786
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John Fitch's steamship (with oars)
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1790
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John Fitch's steamship (with duck feet)
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First canals: Schuylkill & Susquehanna (Pennsylvania), Potomac (then Virginia) (1790s)
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1796
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USS United States
built.
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1797
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USS Constellation
and USS Constitution built.
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1800
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USS Chesapeake,
USS President, USS Congress built.
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1807
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Robert Fulton's North
River Steamboat, the 1st commercially
successful steamboat
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1809
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Winan brothers launch the steamship Vermont on lake
Champlain
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1812
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War of 1812 (1812-1815)
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Atlantic Ocean
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June 18,1812: USS President
beat HMS Little Belt.
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August 19,1812: USS Constitution beat HMS Guerriere.
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October 30,1812: USS United States beat HMS Macedonian.
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December 29,1812: USS Constitution beat HMS Java.
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September 1814: General Armstrong attacked at Faial.
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Lake Erie
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1813: Lieutenant Oliver Hazard Perry was entrusted with the lake's defense.
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February 1813: shipwrights Adam and Noah Brown started the construction of 2 brigs,
Lawrence and Niagara, a small schooner, 2 gunboats, and 14 small boats, together with a series of houses and barracks.
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September 10, 1813: Perry met and defeated his British opponent, Robert Barclay.
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Lake Ontario
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Wreck of the Hamilton and the
Scourge - Merchant Schooners, on Lake Ontario (1813)
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Lake
Champlain
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Winter of 1813-1814: Macdonough began the construction of a squadron at Vergennes,
Vermont.
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Winter and spring of 1814 Noah Brown built Macdonough's 26-gun flagship Saratoga in just 40 days.
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July 23, 1814: two hundred shipwrights under the direction of Adam Brown (brother
of Noah) laid the keel for 20-gun brig Eagle
at Vergennes, built in 19 days.
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September 11, 1814: Macdonough beat the Royal Navy squadron on Lake Champlain.
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1815
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Lake Champlain Steamboat Company begins operation by launching the Phoenix
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Phoenix
- a 336 tons steamship, caught fire on Lake Champlain (1819)
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Great Western - built in 1838 in England by Isambard Brunel, finacial disaster.
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Great Britain - built in 1843 in England by Brunel, financial disaster.
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1817
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Works on the Erie canal start: the 1st section (Ithaca-Rome) is completed by 1819
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Train appears, but does not look like much of a threat. (1820s)
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1823
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Champlain canal opens (around 60 miles long)
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1825
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Erie Canal completed
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1825
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Canal boom (1825-1845)
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Trains take off (1840s)
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1844
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Treaty opens Chinese ports to American vessels - Clippers!
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1846
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Peak of the American whaling fleet, with 736 ships registered
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1848
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December, gold found on Sutter's Mill, Colona, California
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Niantic - Small packet built in 1835, converted into a whaler in 1844, later 1st San Francisco storeship
(1849)
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Great Eastern - built in 1854 in England by Brunel, another financial disaster
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Indiana - Steamship (propeller) built in 1848 in Vermilion, Ohio, lost in Lake Superior (1856)
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1857
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New Bedford is the largest whaling port with 329 whalers.
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Down-Easters develop as large sq.-rigged ships for the transport of grain from California to
Europe (1860s)
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1861
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American Civil War (1861-1865)
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1861
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Brutus de Villeroi's Confederate submarine caught in the Delaware River
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CSS Virginia - Ironclad, abandoned and burned in the Elizabeth River (1862)
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USS Monitor - Ironclad, sunk while being towed off N. Carolina coast (1862)
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USS Cairo - Ironclad on the Yazoo River (1862)
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Chattahoochee - Confederate Gunboat exploded and sunk in the Chattahoochee River (1863)
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1863
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McClintock, Watson and Hunley built their 3rd submarine; later it will be called CSS H.L.Hunley
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CSS H.L.Hunley sinks for the 3rd time, killing its 3rd crew (1864)
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Alvin Clark - two-masted schooner, on Lake Michigan (1864)
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Snow Squal - Small clipper built in 1851 abandoned in the Falkland Islands (1864)
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Denbigh - Blockade runner lost trying to enter the harbor at Galveston (1865)
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Bertrand - Western Steamboat, lost on the Missouri River (1853)
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General Butler - Sailing canal boat wrecked on Lake Champlain (1876)
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Down-Easters reconverted into schooner-rigged vessels with 3 and 4 masts (1880s)
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1888
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First 5-masted schooner
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1900
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First of ten 6 -masted schooners
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1902
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Thomas W. Lawson - Only 7-masted schooner, lost in the Scilly Islands (1907)
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George R. Skolfield - One of the last "Down-Easters", built in 1885, grounded at Sea Isle, New Jersey
(1929)
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