Skip to main content

ANTH 617

Conservation of Archaeological Materials III

Dr. Carolyn Kennedy

Office hours: T 1:00-3:00
Location: ANTH 122
Email: carolynkennedy13@tamu.edu

Course Description

The conservation of archaeological materials is a very conservative practice. With the materials being conserved often being rare or irreplaceable, experimentation must be exhaustive and implementation of new techniques meticulous. This seminar-format course is designed to develop a familiarity with new and advanced archaeological conservation techniques and equipment. Additionally, topics will cover setting up and running a conservation laboratory, museum object conservation, curation considerations, and more.

Laboratory Policies
  • Be safe – Appropriate PPE must be worn at all times, no exceptions. Failure to comply will result in removal from the lab.
  • Be informed – You cannot reason with a chemical burn or hazardous exposure; you MUST be informed on the chemicals and materials you will be using before you use them.
  • Be clean – A clean lab space minimizes risks to health and safety and prevents accidental damage to the artifacts. If you use something, clean it and put it back where it belongs when you are done. My assistant can help direct you to where things belong. Your work station should be spotless when you are not actively working.
  • Be organized – Every procedure you follow should be fully delineated before you begin, and you should then carefully follow that procedure. All materials and containers needed for the procedure must be collected before starting any work. All procedures must be approved by me before you begin.
Grading Policy:

Readings and Discussions (20% of final grade)
Throughout the course you will be assigned Readings and expected to contribute to Discussions. The readings will be posted on Perusall, which you can access via Canvas. To get full points, you will be expected to read and make comments/write questions on the reading in Perusall. Discussions will take place in class, and students will be expected to offer insightful comments based on assigned reading material. To get full points, students will be expected to be present and contribute to the conversation.

 

Seminar Presentations (30% of final grade)
During the semester each student will choose several topics to research and present in class (the number of presentations you make will depend upon the size of the class). Presentations should be around one-half hour in length, try to keep within this time limit. Please prepare and distribute a bibliography of the sources consulted for your seminar presentation. Note: this is part of your presentation grade, so make sure:

1) You prepare a bibliography

2) It has your name on it

3) Your professor gets a copy

PowerPoint presentations and handouts are strongly encouraged. Seminar presentations will be graded on the basis of their thoroughness, organization, and clarity, as well as their inclusion of illustrations (where appropriate) and the distribution of a bibliography of sources consulted in preparing the presentation.

 

Term Paper (50% of final grade)

Lastname_ANTH 617_SemesterYear.doc

In addition to the seminar presentations, each student will research and write a professional, publishable-quality term paper on some aspect of conservation. The first step, after selecting a topic and researching sources, will be to prepare a four-page “term paper proposal” (5% of final grade) modeled on a thesis proposal; in the proposal you will state the nature and importance of the question, discuss previous research and potential sources, outline your plan for analysis of the topic, and summarize the significance of the proposed research. A separate bibliography of primary and secondary sources that you intend to use in preparing the term paper must be included.

The term paper proposal is due by 5 p.m. in Week 6 sent as an email attachment to carolynkennedy13@tamu.edu.

The optimal length for a term paper is 15-20 pages of text (12-point font, double spaced), although papers of a greater or lesser length will be accepted (note: longer does not necessarily mean better!). The paper is to be submitted on or before Week 16. Submitting your paper after this date will result in a lower grade.

You will present your paper in a 15-minute, professional-style powerpoint presentation at the end of the semester. Your presentation will be worth 5% of your final grade.

Term paper grading criteria are as follows: (“A”) research, analysis, writing, and citation are professional and with minimal editing the paper could be published as a journal article or book chapter; (“B”) paper is good in most respects, but due to shortcomings in one or more areas would require significant editing before publication would be possible; (“C”) paper is at lowest levels of acceptability, and would require major new research or re-writing to achieve publishable standards; (“D”) paper falls below lowest levels of acceptability in research, analysis, writing, and citation; (“F”) paper fails to meet all professional standards, or the professor has found evidence of plagiarism.

Summary of Assignments: Grading Scale
Readings & Discussions = 20 % A 90-100%
Seminar Presentations = 30 % B 80-89%
Term Paper = 40% C 70-79%
Term Paper Proposal = 5% D 60-69%
Term Paper Presentation = 5% F 0-59%
TOTAL =100%
Course Schedule:

(The schedule is a subject to change, revisions, and refinements which will be posted)

Week Activities/ Assignments Due  Topic  Readings  
Lecture
Introduction, Archaeological Conservation: An Overview; Syllabus, Seminar presentation distribution 
 
Discussion
Archaeological Conservation, what’s our end game?
Syllabus

Hamilton, D. (1999) Methods of Conserving Archaeological Material from Underwater Sites.
Perusall Reading (2%)

A Recap: Wood and its properties (Kennedy)

 

Presentation 1: DeBraak, Vasa, Mary Rose – spraying whole ships with PEG – Methods, reasoning, pros and cons

 

Presentation 2: La Belle: iron chelation, PEG bulking, and freeze drying

 

Presentation 3: Korean shipwreck conservation (Shinan, Wando, Jindo, Dalido, and Sibidongpado shipwrecks) - lessons learned

Hamilton, 1999, “Wood”, Manual p. 22-29
VIA CANVAS→ PERUSALL
Wood: A review of freeze drying (Kennedy)

Presentation 4: New(ish) techniques for conserving wood
  • Silicone oil
  • Silanol terminated polydimethylsiloxane
  • PolyCatNap
 
Presentation 5: Storage conditions and concerns for conserved wood

Presentation 6: The problem with sulfur and what to do - Serce Limani wreck, Vasa

Presentation 7: Legacy conservation, what to do about wood that was not properly treated, e.g. Philadelphia

Perusall Reading (2%)

Class Discussion (5%)

Presentation 8: Conservation of wood from terrestrial sites

Class Discussion: UNESCO in situ preservation vs. Conservation; Case studies Vasa, Mary Rose, La Belle, Serce Limani, Spitfire, H.L. Hunley, U.S.S. Monitor
 
11:00 am : Chris Dostal: Setting up a Lab
UNESCO, 2001, CONVENTION ON THE PROTECTION OF THE UNDERWATER CULTURAL HERITAGE
 
Readings for Discussion: Lundenberg, Cohn, and Jones, 2017, A Tale of Three Gunboats, p. 167-202.
5

Perusall Reading (2%)

Methods for preserving bone, leather, and textiles - a recap (Kennedy)
 
10:15-10:45 Heather Thakar - Pollen analyses
 
Presentation 9: Recovering human remains – best practices
 
Presentation 10: Overview of NAGPRA
Hamilton, 1999, “Bone, Ivory, Teeth and Antler,” “Leather Conservation,” “Textile Conservation,” Manual p. 15-16; 30-37
VIA CANVAS→PERUSALL
6

Term Paper Proposal due 5pm (5%)

Class Discussion (5%)

Guest Lecture: Kristine Korzow, DNA sample preparation
 
Presentation 11: DNA studies from shipwreck sites
 
Class Discussion:
NAGPRA and conserving and studying grave goods - ethics.
Reading for Discussion: NAGPRA
7
Guest Lecture: Jeanne Goodman, conservation portfolios
 
Presentation 12: The pros and cons of various consolidants and their solvents for field conservation and recovery
 
Presentation 13: Paints & Pigments
8 FALL BREAK - No Class
9
Presentation 14: Spectroscopy/FTiR, how does it work
 
Presentation 15: Mass Spectrometry/Chromatography, case studies in archaeology
 
Presentation 16: XRF/XRD, how do they work; case studies in archaeology
 
10:45 am : Guest Lecture: Laura White - Bitumen
10
Museum and Conservation Laboratory storage concerns:
 
Guest Lecture: Karen Martindale: Permanent Records and Temporary Storage: A Conservation Lab Perspective
 
Presentation 17: Archival material conservation, case study: acetate and knockoff sharpie
 
Presentation 18: Managing degradation in the lab space and museum storage.
11
Field Conservation
 
Presentation 19: Soil and its properties, conservation issues of unearthing artifacts
 
Presentation 20: Mitigating destruction during excavation field methods
 
Presentation 21: Identification and Assessment of items in the field
 
Presentation 22: Biological Attack & Biocides
 
Presentation 23: Stabilization of structures; aggregates and their conservation implications
12
Modern Materials
 
Modern materials entering the archaeological record and recent studies (Kennedy)
 
Presentation 24: Rubber
 
Presentation 25: Plastics: Degradation and possible conservation solutions
13 Class Discussion (5%)
Historic Preservation
 
Presentation 26: Site preservation/conservation in situ best practices
 
Presentation 27: Historic Monument, cleaning and degradation
 
Class Discussion Conservation vs. Heritage Tourism - striking a balance

Readings for Discussion: Matero, Frank G. 2008. Heritage, Conservation, and Archaeology: An Introduction. HCA Articles. Archaeological Institute of America. https://www.archaeological.org/heritage-conservation-and-archaeology-an-introduction/

14 Term Paper Presentations
15 Term Paper Presentations